Participants in this study were right-handed, healthy, low caffeine-consuming subjects who received one of the following beverages: plain water, water plus 75 grams of glucose or natural sugar, water plus 75 miligrams of caffeine, or water plus both 75 grams of glucose and 75 miligrams of caffeine. Participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and 30 minutes after consuming the beverage, and a continuous performance test was used to assess the attention span of each person.
Subjects who received the combination of caffeine and glucose produced a similar performance to the others but had a decrease in activation in the bilateral parietal and left prefrontal cortex, which are the parts of the brain responsible for attention and memory. This may suggest that the caffeine/sugar combination was providing an artificial attention and memory boost in the brains of the subjects who consumed it. Thus, the study concludes a combination of caffeine and glucose could increase a person's attention span.
"In theory, caffeine and glucose could work together if caffeine activates cells and sugar provides the energy to fuel the activation," Dr. Richard Lipton, professor and vice chair of Neurology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and a member of the American Academy of Neurology, told AOL Health after reviewing the Spanish study. "Imagine a circuit with a light bulb, a battery and a switch. In a sense, caffeine acts as a molecular switch and glucose acts as the battery. If you throw the switch without the battery, the light will not go on.
This is a great fix to a drowsy morning; however, overuse of caffeine does have its drawbacks. "One or two cups a day may increase alertness and productivity, but, taken in excess, caffeine tolerance develops," says Lipton. "That means you need more and more caffeine to get the same effect." Overuse of caffeine can lead to gastritis, headaches, and irritability.
Dr. David Knopman, a neurologist with the Mayo Clinic and also an AAN member, says given the study's small size, it shouldn't be taken as conclusive. "Caffeine has long been known as a stimulant," he says, "but the overall health effects of either [caffeine or sugar] depend on quantity and duration."
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